Pace Energy and Climate Center

18 Apr 2022

Strengthening Small Farms and Their Communities Through Solar Farming - Ridge View 350 MW Solar PV Project Social and Economic Assessment

Author: Craig Hart

Topics: Agriculture, Farming, Job Creation, Social and Economic Impact, Solar PV,

States: New York,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2022

Abstract: This study assesses the social and economic impacts of a 350 MW solar PV project to be installed on approximately 40 farms in the Town of Hartland, Niagara County, New York area by EDF Renewables. This study identifies between $177 million to $229 million in revenues and other benefits delivered by the Ridge View project to the Hartland community and surrounding areas. The study demonstrates that the project will increase and diversify participating farm revenues, support community investment, create jobs for construction and maintenance, and increase spending in the local community, helping create opportunities for diversifying the local economy. The study recommends careful project siting practices, including setbacks and visual buffers...

01 Jun 2021

Overcoming Legal and Regulatory Barriers to District Geothermal in New York State

Author: Craig Hart, Thomas Bourgeois, Emma Lagle, Joseph O’Brien-Applegate and Jessica Laird

Topics: Decarbonization, Economics, Energy Efficiency, Geothermal energy, Regulation,

States: New York,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2021

Abstract: This study examines the legal and regulatory issues confronting the development of district geothermal energy systems in the State of New York. Although geothermal technology is a reliable and economically feasible zero-emission source of building heat, resolving regulatory and property rights and permitting issues required to adopt district geothermal systems pose significant barriers. We evaluate geothermal projects along a continuum of complexity—from single owner systems—including a single owner of multiple buildings on a single parcel of land (such as a college campus)—to systems that involve multiple owners of buildings on numerous parcels of land (such as serving a downtown core). This study considers how property rights and pe...

15 Jul 2020

Zero Net Gas: A Framework for Managing Gas Demand Reduction as a Pathway to Decarbonizing the Buildings Sector

Author: Radina Valova, Craig Hart, Tom Bourgois, Joseph O'Brien-Applegate

Topics: Energy Efficiency, GHG, LMI, Low and Moderate Income, REV, Technology, Utility Reform,

States: National,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: UNKNOWN

Abstract: To meet Paris Agreement greenhouse gas reduction targets, gas distribution utilities and the buildings they serve—residential, small commercial, and large commercial and industrial buildings—must fully decarbonize. This paper proposes a Zero Net Gas demand reduction framework to achieve decarbonization of the buildings sector. The Zero Net Gas Framework is a policy and regulatory pathway to start reversing gas dependence in buildings, towards deep decarbonization. The ZNG strategy posits that gas consumption must be capped in the near-term—and incrementally reduced where possible—by pairing new gas demand with reductions in existing inefficient gas use through demand-side measures, such as energy efficiency, heat pumps and renewabl...

01 Apr 2019

Estimating the Air Emissions of Stationary Engine Generators under Two Megawatts

Author: Thomas Bourgeois, Joseph O’Brien Applegate, Dr. Sreekanth Venkataraman, Dr. Praveen Amar

Topics: CHP, DER, Emissions, Energy,

States: New York,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2019

Abstract: The provision of electric power to homes, businesses and industry via distributed generation (“DG”)2 technologies has increased at a rapid pace over the last 10 to 15 years. New York has made the development of a distributed energy future a centerpiece of the Governor’s path breaking “Reforming the Energy Vision” initiative. The environmental consequences of dramatic increases in distributed generation, however, have not been empirically examined. Because certain forms of DG have previously only run to a very limited extent, their emissions were not regulated closely. However, evolving markets and new rate structures could create incentives that encourage an increase in the operating hours of fossil-fired DG. In this study we have...

04 Mar 2019

Reversing Energy System Inequity

Author: John Howat, John T. Colgan, Wendy Gerlitz, Melanie Santiago-Mosier and Karl R. Rábago

Topics: Low and Moderate Income,

States: National,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2019

Abstract: Families in America with the least means pay disproportionately more for their electricity, sometimes lacking basic access to service altogether. It’s a fundamental inequity of our current energy landscape, and one that can lead to dangerous repercussions. As technology, economics, public appetite and policy steadily drive the transition to clean energy, there are frequent decisions to be made at utilities commissions and other venues about how to implement, facilitate and accelerate the needed change. This paper highlights three foundational keys for getting decisions right for residential customers with the least means: 1) DATA: Collection and distribution of comprehensive residential customer data, broken out for low- and moderate-...

19 Feb 2019

Pace Energy and Climate Center 2018 Annual Report

Author: PECC Staff

Topics: Annual Report, Energy Efficiency, Renewables, Solar, Utility,

States: National,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2019

Abstract: The Pace Energy and Climate Center had a great 2018! We filed hundreds of pages of comments, testimony, and recommendations in utility regulatory proceedings, and spoke up and made a difference for clean energy and energy justice in rate cases and grid modernization/utility transformation cases in several states. The year ahead promises to be as exciting and important as the one just completed. Thanks to the continued support and confidence of our government and foundation funders and expert assistance clients, we will be working to secure clean energy.

12 Oct 2018

NESEMC Technical Report

Author: Karl Rabago

Topics: Solar,

States: Northeast,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2018

Abstract: The Northeast Solar Energy Market Coalition was a unique coalition of state-level solar business association organized to bring a regional emphasis to solar market development in the Northeast. The focus of the Coalition’s work was (1) to comprehensively map, monitor, and report solar market conditions and developments in the Northeast through the establishment and updating of a website, nesemc.com; (2) to track and provide support as requested on solar-related projects, demonstrations, and other initiatives in the region; (3) to develop and engage with Coalition members and key solar market stakeholders through an outreach and education program centered on the market development topics of highest priority to members; and (4) to develop t...

05 Dec 2017

Emissions Leakage In RGGI: An Analysis of the Current State and Recommendations for a Path Forward

Author: Sheryl L. Musgrove, Geordi A. Taylor, Radina R. Valova, Karl R. Rábago

Topics: RGGI,

States: New England,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2017

Abstract: Emissions leakage is a looming threat to the ongoing success of RGGI. This report, called “Emissions Leakage in RGGI: An Analysis of the Current State and Recommendations for a Path Forward,” discusses this looming threat and provides recommendations for policymakers on reducing leakage risk. The recommendations include expansion of energy efficiency efforts, extension of RGGI coverage to fossil-fuel power plants with a capacity of under 25MW, extension of the cap to cover emissions associated with imported electricity, and linking RGGI with additional states.

01 Oct 2017

Recent Developmetns in Energy Efficiency Evaluation, Measurements, and Verification

Author: Seth Nowak, Maggie Molina, and Martin Kushler

Topics: Energy Efficiency,

States: National,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2017

Abstract: The Report identifies states that exhibit policy and institutional leadership, discuss three topics that have recently received significant attention in the industry: deemed savings and technical reference manuals, common practice baselines, and advanced metering-based M&V enabled by greater data availability and improved data analytics.

11 Sep 2017

Voluntary and Corporate Renewable Energy in the Northeast United States: Barriers and Opportunities for Growth

Author: Prepared for Pace by CRS

Topics: Markets, Renewable Energy, RGGI,

States: Northeast,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2017

Abstract: The second of three policy briefs prepared with the Pace Energy and Climate Center focusing on voluntary renewable energy in the Northeast United States, this brief identifies interactions between the voluntary renewable energy market and the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI). It also provides recommendations for strengthening mechanisms that protect voluntary demand in RGGI states.

11 Sep 2017

Voluntary and Corporate Renewable Energy in New York: Challenges to Maximize Voluntary Benefits and Meeting States Goals

Author: Prepared for Pace by CRS

Topics: DER, Renewables, Solar,

States: New York,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2017

Abstract: Since the adoption of New York's Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) in 2004, voluntary and compliance markets for renewable energy have been used together to meet state goals and drive in-state development. Today, the New York State Energy Plan (SEP) coordinates the Governor's energy initiative, Reforming the Energy Vision (REV), and the State's Energy Standard (CES). However, it is yet to be determined what proportion of the goals the voluntary market will represent, what requirements will be placed upon it, and whether or not generation serving voluntary buyers will be surplus to regulation. Like the rest of the Northeast, New York residents and businesses buy a large volume of voluntary green power, but New York does not supply much of i...

01 Apr 2017

2016 Annual Report

Author: PECC Staff

Topics: Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy, Utility Reform,

States: National,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2016

Abstract: 2016 Annual Report

01 Mar 2017

Transition Support Mechanisms for Communities Facing Full or Partial Coal Power Plant Retirement in New York

Author: Lisa Anne Hamilton, Radina Valova, And Karl R. Rábago, with the support of The Center's Law Student Interns: Sarah Main, Kirsten Yerger, Matt Farnsworth, and Perri Hom

Topics: Climate, Low and Moderate Income, Markets,

States: New York,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2017

Abstract: The Transition Support Mechanisms report, prepared by Pace Energy and Climate Center with the support of Environmental Defense Fund, documents best practices for supporting the economic and environmental health of communities in New York facing the closure of a coal-fired power plant. The report examines several decades of just transition case studies from across the United States, and describes the challenges faced by New York communities bracing for the mothballing or retirement of coal generators. Every community is unique, so while there can be no one-size-fits-all approach, the report recommends a number of resources that these communities can use to develop a just transition plan after a plant’s closure.

01 Jan 2017

Renewable Energy as an Economic Driver of Sustainable Development: UN High-Level Political Forum Side Event Report

Author: Richard Ottinger

Topics: DER, Solar,

States: International,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2017

Abstract: Renewable energy and sustainable energy more broadly must be central to efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Energy is often forgotten or glossed over as the basis for almost all modern human activity, seen as seperate from the healthcare, education, IT, construction, sanitation, etc that it enables. Renewable energy has become one of the most promising drivers for sustainable development, offering a way to reduce energy costs for households, and businesses.

20 Oct 2016

The Utilities of Maryland's Future: An Agenda for Transformation

Author: Karl R. Rábago, Jordan Gerow, Radina Valova, Sheryl Musgrove

Topics: DER, LMI, Utility Reform,

States: Maryland,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2016

Abstract: The electric utility industry is undergoing a fundamental transformation. Moving from large centralized, capital-intensive, and highly polluting utility to a distributed, efficient, clean paradigm. This paper sets out the many key questions that must be addressed in order to carry out a regulatory agenda of market transformation.

01 Sep 2016

UN Environment guide for Energy Efficiency and Reneable Energy law

Author: Richard Ottinger, John Bowie, Adrian J. Bradbrook, David Goldstein, Katherine Kennedy, Philip Musegaas, Ethan Rogers, Ibibia Worika, David R. Hodas, Teresa Malyshev, Alexandrea Warwyk, Cho Kunja, Tumai Murombo, Juan Opposa, Shakeel Kazmi, Victor Tafur, Nana Safo, and Eugene Opoku-Serebuoh

Topics: Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy,

States: International,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2016

Abstract: The guide is intended to advise government energy officials and project developers, implementers and funders, of the laws adapted throughout the world to facilitate initiation of sound and sustainable energy efficiency projects.

01 Apr 2016

2015 Annual Report

Author: PECC Staff

Topics: CHP, Climate, DER, Markets,

States: National,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2015

Abstract: The Pace Energy and Climate Center had an amazing year in 2015. Our staff members and law student interns engaged in some of the most important clean energy policy and development issues in New York and in the Northeast region, as well as in selected venues across the United States and around the world. We have made important progress in empowering continued advancement toward a cleaner energy present and a more sustainable future for all of us. We are really proud of what we have done, and hope you will find our report interesting and informative. We are especially grateful for all the support from Pace University and the Pace Law School, and from our many donors and clients. We couldn’t do any of this without them! You will find our rep...

16 Feb 2016

Primer on Solar Hot Water Technologies in New York State

Author: Karl R. Rábago, Daniel Leonhardt, Perri Hom

Topics: DER, Solar,

States: New York,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2016

Abstract: This research report summarizes basic information on solar hot water (SHW) technologies and their use in the state of New York. This report relies upon published secondary sources and direct interviews with experts in the field. This report covers four major topics: specific SHW technologies deployed in New York, major technology configuration, and an analysis on how installations differ, barriers to widespread solar hot water adoption, research, and literature gaps. The Pace Energy and Climate Center thanks Environmental Defense Fund for its support on this report. Special thanks to Rory Christian, director New York Clean Energy and Abbey Brown, Clean energy project Manager.

13 Feb 2016

Unpacking and Rebutting the Utility Embedded Cost Fallacy

Author: Karl Rábago

Topics: Markets,

States: New York,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2016

Abstract: This is a discussion of customer charges and how utilities recover the entire cost of the system.

01 Jan 2016

Combined Heat and Power on Brownfield Sites

Author: Thomas Bourgeois, Linda Shaw, Colleen Cain, Evans Paul

Topics: CHP,

States: New York,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2016

Abstract: Remediated brownfield sites offer an attractive and underutilized opportunity for siting clean distributed generation and CHP. Parties who remediate a contaminated site can be eligible for significant financial incentives from the existing NYS Brownfield Cleanup Program tax credits, coupled with NYS incentives through NYSERDA, and federal tax credits.

01 Jan 2016

Retail Rate Impacts of Distributed Solar: Focus on New England

Author: Nick Martin, Karl Rábago

Topics: Climate, Markets, Solar,

States: New England,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2016

Abstract: The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) recently issued a study entitled “Putting the Potential Rate Impacts of Distributed Solar into Context,” authored by Galen Barbose. The LBNL study estimates the potential rate impact of distributed solar on national average retail electricity prices, and importantly, compares that impact to the potential impact of other rate drivers such as natural gas prices, renewable portfolio standards, and utility capital expenditures. This brief applies a similar style analysis as used by LBNL to regional and state level data to estimate more granular impacts for New England. We estimate rate impacts for various penetration rates of net metered distributed solar and compare them to the potential rat...

31 Dec 2015

2015 Annual Report

Author: PECC Staff

Topics: Climate,

States: New York,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2015

Abstract: The Pace Energy and Climate Center had an amazing year in 2015. Our staff members and law student interns engaged in some of the most important clean energy policy and development issues in New York and in the Northeast region, as well as in selected venues across the United States and around the world. We have made important progress in empowering continued advancement toward a cleaner energy present and a more sustainable future for all of us. We are really proud of what we have done, and hope you will find our report interesting and informative. We are especially grateful for all the support from Pace University and the Pace Law School, and from our many donors and clients. We couldn’t do any of this without them! You will find our rep...

01 Nov 2015

Carbon-Tuning New York's Electricity System

Author: Nick Martin

Topics: DER,

States: National,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2015

Abstract: This report provides an analysis of the emission characteristics of New York’s electricity system by estimating marginal emission rates for carbon-dioxide and other pollutants. It shows that marginal emission rates should be incorporated into the design of distributed energy resource (DER) markets and programs to help guide DER deployment towards maximizing emission reductions efficiently and economically. This report was made possible with support from the Heising-Simons Foundation.

01 Oct 2015

The Clean Power Plan Puzzle: The Future of Efforts to Control Climate Pollution in the Northeast

Author: David Gahl, Pearl Gray, Nick Martin

Topics: Emissions, RGGI,

States: Federal,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2015

Abstract: In October 2015 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) finalized the first national plan to cut climate pollution from power plants. Called the Clean Power Plan (CPP), the effort requires a 32% nation-wide reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the power sector. The CPP also gives states multiple pathways to comply. Now states are on the clock: they must submit their individual compliance plans or signal their intent to submit multi-state plans by September 2016.The nine states participating in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), the first market-based trading platform established to cut climate pollution from power plants in the Northeast, must now decide the future of the effort. This paper explores a few of t...

01 Oct 2015

Microgrids & District Energy: Pathways to Sustainable Urban Development

Author: Dan Leonhardt, Thomas Bourgeois, Brad Bradford, Jordan Gerow, Nick Martin, Laxmi Rao. Support of: Justin Fung, Pearl Gray, Seth Hoedl, Dr. Jonathan Raab, Travis Sheehan

Topics: Microgrids,

States: Federal,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2015

Abstract: This report introduces microgrid concepts, identifies the benefits and most common road blocks to implementation, and discusses proactive steps municipalities can take to advance economically viable and environmentally superior microgrids. It also offers advocacy suggestions for municipal leaders and officials to pursue at the state and regional level. The contents are targeted to municipal government staff but anyone looking for introductory material on microgrids should find it useful.This project was funded by the Urban Sustainability Director's Network (USDN).

01 Oct 2015

Microgrids & District Energy: Pathways to Sustainable Urban Development

Author: Dan Leonhardt, Thomas Bourgeois, Brad Bradford, Jordan Gerow, Nick Martin, Laxmi Rao. Support of: Justin Fung, Pearl Gray, Seth Hoedl, Dr. Jonathan Raab, Travis Sheehan

Topics: Microgrids,

States: Federal,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2015

Abstract: Case Studies

01 Jan 2015

Appendix B-Select EPS Program Synopses

Author: PECC Staff

Topics: Energy Efficiency,

States: New York,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2015

Abstract: This is the appendix to the 2015 report, Charting the Course for Energy Efficiency in New York, contains program statistics and short descriptions for eight energy efficiency programs designed and run as part of the Energy Efficiency Portfolio Standard (EEPS). The purpose of this appendix is to provide readers with an idea of how programs under EEPS achieve energy savings. The eight programs profiled are selected because they represent either on of the largest programs under EEPS in terms of reported energy savings achieved or the lowest Cost per first-year kWh saved among all programs. All reported statistics are drawn directly from the New York Department of Public Service EEPS website and represent reported metrics up to the third quarte...

01 Jan 2015

Microgrid & District Energy: Pathways to Sustainable Urban Development

Author: Thomas Bourgeois, Nick Martin, Laxmi Rao

Topics: CHP, DER,

States: National,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2015

Abstract: This report provides an introduction to microgrid concepts, identifies the benefits and most common road blocks to implementation, and discusses proactive steps municipalities can take to advance economically viable and environmentally superior microgrids. It also offers advocacy suggestions for municipal leaders and officials to pursue at the state and regional level. The contents are targeted to municipal government staff but anyone looking for introductory material on microgrids should find it useful.

01 Jan 2015

Microgrid & District Energy: Pathways to Sustainable Urban Development-Case Studies

Author: Thomas Bourgeois, Nick Martin, Laxmi Rao

Topics: CHP, DER,

States: National,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2015

Abstract: These are the case studies for the that report introduces microgrid concepts, identifies the benefits and most common road blocks to implementation, and discusses proactive steps municipalities can take to advance economically viable and environmentally superior microgrids. It also offers advocacy suggestions for municipal leaders and officials to pursue at the state and regional level. The contents are targeted to municipal government staff but anyone looking for introductory material on microgrids should find it useful.

05 Jul 2014

Innovative Financing for Renewable Energy

Author: Richard Ottinger and John Bowie

Topics: DER, Renewables, Solar,

States: International,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2014

Abstract: Renewable energy holds great promise for solving the world's energy needs with minimal climate change and pollution consequences. Financing most renewable resources is that they have relatively high initial costs for capital equipment and training, followed by very low costs for the remainder of their lifetime as a result of their utilization of free basic resource inputs. Advances in renewable energy technologies, novel financial instruments, and evolving mobile communication technologies, have spurred creative upfront financing for renewable energy infrastructure.

27 Apr 2014

Charting the Course for Energy Efficiency in New York

Author: David Gahl, John Bowie, Nick Martin, Sam Swanson

Topics: Energy Efficiency,

States: New York,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2014

Abstract: Charting a New Course for Energy Efficiency in New York: Lessons from Existing Programs, the report examines the performance of the existing suite of energy efficiency efforts run by the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority and the state’s investor owned utilities. The latest data shows that through 2014 EEPS program administrators had achieved 79 percent of their to date savings goals. The report focuses on the best ways to transition from the EEPS program model to the emerging REV model. Reviewing publicly available information, this analysis takes stock of what the EEPS has achieved and calls for a REV planning and delivery program that builds upon lessons learned from decades of past efforts to achieve self-sustain...

15 Dec 2013

RGGI EPA Rules Collaborative

Author: Calpine Corporation, Chesapeake Climate Action Network, Consolidated Edison, Environmental Defense Fund, Environment Northeast, Exelon Corporation, National Grid, Natural Resources Defense Council, New England Clean Energy Council, New York Power Authority, Nextera Energy

Topics: Climate, RGGI,

States: Northeast,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2013

Abstract: The Pace Energy and Climate Center has convened a group of utilities, electric generators, environmental groups, a business coalition and state officials from the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic (NEMA) region to engage EPA on the development of federal guidelines under Section 111(d) of the Clean Air Act. The Collaborative also seeks to foster understanding of the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) among state officials and stakeholders in states not currently participating in RGGI. This document presents RGGI-focused answers to the questions posed by EPA to states and stakeholders in late September 2013.

01 Jan 2013

Community Microgrids: Smarter, Cleaner, Greener

Author: Thomas Bourgeois, Jordan Gerow, Franz Litz, and Nick Martin

Topics: CHP, DER,

States: National,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2013

Abstract: Community Microgrids: Smarter, Cleaner, Greener is an introductory report on community microgrids and the many benefits they offer. It lays out a roadmap for communities considering microgrids from setting goals and identifying the vision for a project to choosing sites, completing analyses, acquiring financing, and getting approval to build. The report also considers the regulatory environment for microgrid development and offers recommendations for making the region friendlier to microgrids. This document should be read by municipal and community leaders, state and local government and regulatory officials, emergency managers, large business owners, and any other individuals interested in resilient, affordable, and clean energy.

01 Jun 2012

Market Programs Primer

Author: Tim Banach

Topics: Markets,

States: New York,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2012

Abstract: Market-based environmental protection programs offer numerous economic, administrative, and performance advantages over traditional command-and-control approaches. This work highlights key design features of various state and regional market-based environmental programs currently operating in New York and evaluates their success.

16 Apr 2012

Summary: Standards of performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions for New Stationay Sources

Author: Franz Litz, Nicholas M. Bianco, Kristin Igusky Meek

Topics: Emissions, GHG,

States: National,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2012

Abstract: Summary of proposed rule on GHG emissions standards for new stationary sources: electric utility generating units.

01 Jan 2012

Energy Efficiency in New York: Midcourse Status Report of '15 by '15

Author: Jackson Morris, Jordan Stutt

Topics: Energy Efficiency,

States: New York,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2012

Abstract: This report reviews progress to date makes recommendations for improving these programs and making New York "Number one" for energy efficiency.

30 Jun 2011

Valuing and Supporting the Expanded Deployment of Grid-Connected Distribution Generation in New York State

Author: Thomas Bourgeois, Todd Olinsky-Paul, William Pentland, Sam Swanson

Topics: DER,

States: New York,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2011

Abstract: New York, like many other states, has committed to achieving significant renewable energy targets in the near future. Meeting these targets implies that the penetration level of smaller scale, interconnected distributed generation (DG) is inevitably going to increase markedly over the next decade or two.

30 Jun 2011

Valuing and Supporting the Expanded Deployment of Grid-connected Distributed Generation in New York State

Author: Thomas Bourgeois, Todd Olinsky-Paul, William Pentland, and Sam Swanson

Topics: DER, Utility Reform,

States: New York,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2011

Abstract: New York State's existing portfolio of policy and program initiatives provides a foundation for expanding the deployment of interconnected DG resources, but progress is slow. The overarching question remains: what are the essential ingredients of a comprehensive effort that could significantly increase the role DG plays in New York's electric service delivery system?

29 Mar 2011

Energy Performance MLS Opportunity Assessment

Author: Thomas Bourgeois, Sam Swanson, Todd Olinsky-Paul

Topics: Energy Efficiency,

States: New York,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2011

Abstract: The overarching goal of this project is to use the "multiple listing service" (MLS), a standard marketing tool of the real estate industry, to encourage homeowners in NYS to make beneficial investments in improving the energy performance, that is the "energy efficiency", of their homes. The industry's green MLS programs offer a foundation of valuable experience that may be tapped to develop an energy efficiency focused MLS program in New York

01 Feb 2011

What's Ahead for Power Plants and Industry

Author: Franz Litz, Nicholas Bianco, Michael B. Gerrard, and Gregory E. Wannier

Topics: DER, Utility Reform,

States: National,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2011

Abstract: In the absence of congressional action on climate change, all eyes are on the states and the EPA to see how they will regulate GHG from existing large power plants and industrial facilities. This working paper explores a promising pathway for the states and EPA to make these reductions using the standards in the Clean Air Act.

01 Feb 2011

Deployment of Distributed Generation for Grid Support and Distribution System Infrastructure: A Summary Analysis of DG Benefits and Case Studies

Author: Franz Litz, Nicholas Bianco, Michael B. Gerrard, and Gregory E. Wannier

Topics: CHP, DER, Energy Efficiency,

States: New York,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2011

Abstract: Distributed generation (DG) and combined heat and power (CHP), and more broadly Distributed Energy Resources (DER) that encompasses DG, CHP, and energy efficiency resources (EE) can provide numerous benefits both to the electric transmission and distribution (T&D) and to society overall. For some time, the potential benefits of DG CHP have been identified, speculated upon, and in some instances, analyzed and quantified. Studies have been conducted by industry participants, utilities, regulators and their national and regional organizations, the Department of Energy and the National Energy labs, and numerous energy experts and consultants. These numerous studies have identified numerous benefits including avoided costs of energy, generation...

01 Jul 2010

Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the United States

Author: Nicholas M. Bianco, Franz Litz, Madeline Gottlieb, Thomas Damassa

Topics: Emissions,

States: Federal,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2010

Abstract: None

01 Jul 2010

Using Existing Federal Authorities and State Action

Author: Nicholas Bianco, Franz Litz, Madeline Gottlieb, Thomas Damassa

Topics: DER, Energy Efficiency, Renewables,

States: Federal,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2010

Abstract: Greenhouse gas emissions reductions by federal and state governments suggests a range of potential outcomes is possible. On the federal level, whether reductions are achieved at the lower end of upper end of the range depends on the extent to which the Obama Administration and subsequent administrations use existing regulatory authority to go after reductions shown to be technically possible in the literature. On the state level, whether reductions are realized at the lower or upper end of the rand projected depend similarly on the continued resolve by governors and legislative leaders in the 25 states counted as having taken actions. The findings set out here represent an assessment of what is possible given available inputs for some key s...

01 Jan 2010

Realizing Real-Time Pricing's Promise: What CHP Offers MHP

Author: Thomas Bourgeois, William Pentland

Topics: Markets,

States: Federal,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2010

Abstract: Real-time pricing (RTP) programs provide economic incentives for customers to reduce energy consumption during peak hours. Several states have created RTP rate structures – voluntary and mandatory – on various categories of customers, usually industrial, larger commercial and institutional customers. In 2006, New York State imposed mandatory hourly pricing (MHP) for all distribution utilities on a select group of customers initially ranging in size from 1,000 kW maximum peak demand to 1,500 kW maximum peak demand, depending upon the utility. The maximum peak demand level triggering mandatory hourly pricing was scheduled to drop over time, so that by Spring 2011 all customers with maximum peak demand levels in the range of 300 kW to 500...

01 Jan 2010

Realizing Real Time Pricing Promise: What CHP Offers MHP

Author: Thomas Bourgeois and William Pentland

Topics: CHP,

States: National,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2010

Abstract: Real-time pricing (RTP) programs provide economic incentives for customers to reduce energy consumption during peak hours. Several states have created RTP rate structures voluntary and mandatory – on various categories of customers, usually industrial, larger commercial and institutional customers. In 2006, New York State imposed mandatory hourly pricing (MHP) for all distribution utilities on a select group of customers initially ranging in size from 1,000 kW maximum peak demand to 1,500 kW maximum peak demand, depending upon the utility. The maximum peak demand level triggering mandatory hourly pricing was scheduled to drop over time, so that by Spring 2011 all customers with maximum peak demand levels in the range of 300 kW to 500 kW w...

01 Oct 2009

Keeping the Lights on in the State Laboratory

Author: Nicholas Bianco, Franz Litz

Topics: Emissions,

States: National,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2009

Abstract: In the United States, state governments have been leaders in addressing climate change through a wide range of energy, environmental, land use and transportation policies. As the United States Congress moves closer to enacting federal cap-and-trade legislation for greenhouse gases, lawmakers should carefully consider how to preserve robust state action. If states are to continue to innovate and achieve reductions in emissions from capped entities after a federal cap-and-trade program is implemented, such state action will need to be accounted for within the federal program. In practical terms, this will require retiring federal greenhouse gas emission allowances, rendering them ineligible for trading or future use, to reflect state-achieved...

25 Jun 2009

Brownfield Tax Credits: An Incentive for Siting CHP

Author: Prepared for by NYSERDA

Topics: CHP,

States: New York,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2009

Abstract: Recently enacted state legislation provides a significant suite of state tax credits aimed at brownfield redevelopment. These refundable credits are directly applicable to any capital investment at an eligible site. Brownfield redevelopment tax credits coupled with other financial incentives can encourage the use of CHP where such use is suitable for brownfield redevelopment. Using cost-effective CHP at a brownfield site to better manage energy costs could improve project economics for the brownfield developer, the end use property owner and tenants at the site.

01 Jun 2008

Toward a Constructive Dialogue on Federal and State Roles in US Climate Change Policy

Author: Franz Litz

Topics: Climate,

States: Federal,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2008

Abstract: A number of arguments exist to support state-level action on climate change. States have historically played a role as effective first-movers on important environmental issues, functioning as policy innovators, testing policies that have later been adopted at the federal level. States also bring an understanding of the unique circumstances within their boundaries and a familiarity with their stakeholders. States drive federal action, sometimes insisting that policies be strengthened even after the federal government has acted.

01 Jan 2007

State Experiences with Financial Incentives to Promote Clean Distributed Energy: Greenhouse Gas Reductions with CHP

Author: Thomas Bourgeois and Chris Young

Topics: CHP, DER,

States: National,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2007

Abstract: Many states have promulgated energy incentive schemes to achieve a wide variety of policy goals. Considering the context of diverse incentives and policies that promote both renewable energy (RE) and combined heat and power (CHP), this paper examines direct capacity grant incentive programs in four states (CA, CT, NJ and NY) to determine broad differences regarding their cost effectiveness, both in achieving installed capacity, and in achieving reductions of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Using two methodologies and assumptions to estimate the GHG reductions attributable to different RE and CHP technology types, the paper determines dollars of incentive per ton of CO2 reduction. CHP incentives generally offer a better value per dollar of i...

28 Jun 2006

Quantifying Residential PV Economics in the US: Payback vs Cashflow Determination of Fair Energy Value

Author: Richard Perez, Linda Anne Burtis, Tom Hoff, Sam Swanson, Christy Herig

Topics: Markets, Solar,

States: National,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2006

Abstract: Payback is often used as a measure of profitability by prospective PV owners. Contrasting this measure with another financial gauge -- life-cycle cash flow -- the paper discusses why payback may not be the most appropriate measure for residential PV applications and why it may hide sound financial opportunities for those deciding to invest in a PV system. In parallel, the paper addresses another aspect of economic feasibility: the value of energy produced. For residential applications, this value is currently set at residential net-metered retail rates. We present preliminary evidence that a higher value, reflective of the local effective capacity of PV ought to be claimed for residential PV applications.

01 Jun 2006

Guidebook for Small Combined Heat and Power Systems Seeking to Obtain Emissions Reduction Credits in New York State

Author: Thomas Bourgeois, Daniel Rosenblum, Chris Young

Topics: CHP, Emissions,

States: New York,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2006

Abstract: Combined Heat and Power (CHP) is typically more efficient than the separate generation of electricity in a central power plant and production of heat in an on-site boiler. This improved efficiency can result in a reduction of air pollutant emissions. CHP projects with significant reductions in emissions are eligible to participate in the NYSDEC emission reduction credit (ERC) program. Facilities certifying ERCs can trade them, thereby improving the financial benefit of installing CHP. This guidebook is intended to assist facility managers with quantifying emissions reduction credits. An additional report, “Emissions Allowance Market Opportunities for Small Scale CHP Projects,” (NYSERDA Report #06-04) evaluates how allowance-based regula...

01 Mar 2006

Inspector Guidelines for PV Systems

Author: Prepared for Pace by Brooks Engineering

Topics: Solar,

States: National,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2006

Abstract: This report provides some background to the Inspector Guidelines that follow. This work is part of the Renewable Energy Technology Analysis Project of the Pace Law School Energy Project. These guidelines provide a framework for the permitting and inspection of PV systems. These are two separate guidelines since jurisdictions normally treat the process in two steps. First is the plan check stage where the information is reviewed for accuracy and completeness. Second is the field inspection stage where the installation is reviewed for compliance with the approved plans.

01 Dec 2005

The Role of Distributed Generation in Power Quality and Reliability

Author: Thomas Bourgeios, Daniel Rosenblum, Ken Darrow, Bruce Hedman

Topics: DER,

States: New York,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2005

Abstract: The nature of business and power consumption has changed considerably over the last two decades. Facilities of all kinds now make widespread use of sensitive electronic components, computers and programmable logic controllers. There is also a growing need for reliable and continuous communications with customers, suppliers, and financial institutions. Many businesses suffer economic losses when electric power interruptions occur or even when there are voltage or current abnormalities present in the power delivery. While the performance of the U.S. and New York electric utility industries is extremely good, even this level of performance is not sufficient to protect customers with highly sensitive loads from economic losses. These customers...

20 Sep 2005

Allocation of Emissions Allowances for the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative

Author: Cliff W. Hamal and Alan L. Madian

Topics: Emissions, RGGI,

States: New England,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2005

Abstract: The RGGI proposal under discussion among in New England and Mid-Atlantic states has resulted in a preliminary agreement to establish CO2 cap and trade program. Emission allowances worth billions of dollars may be given away to start the program. Intense interest in this allocation should be expected.

01 May 2003

Clean Distributed Generation In New York State: State and Local Siting, Permitting and Code Issues

Author: Thomas Bourgeois, Adam Hinge, Anish A. Joshi, and Bruce Headman

Topics: CHP, DER,

States: New York,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2003

Abstract: A major hurdle in obtaining approvals for DG/CHP project is lack of clarity about what requirements exist, which agencies have jurisdiction, what agency processes must be followed, the timetable for approvals. This lack of clarity can consume time and money for both developers and agency staff, in the form of research, meeting, review, and correction of applications, re-design of projects, and construction modifications.

26 Apr 2002

Renewable Certificates for Photovoltaics: A Model To Build Upon

Author: Sam Swanson, Janis C. Pepper

Topics: DER, Renewables, Solar,

States: New York,

Resource Type: Report

Adoption Year: 2002

Abstract: There is a growing demand by customers in the marketplace for solar photovoltaic (PV) generated electricity. Consumers want to support PV even though they may not be able to afford to have their own PV system on their roof. By trading PV "certificates" in the wholesale market, aggregators or utilities can offer a certificate-backed retail product to consumers, allowing them to support the use of PV without having to make a large investment. This can occur in the retail market where consumers either have the ability to choose a green energy option offered by a load-serving entity or through a green pricing program offered by a utility company.